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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When one neuron sends a message to another neuron, it makes use of neurotransmitters or chemicals. These chemicals must travel through a small gap that is called a synapse. Certain ADHD medications can make the passing along of these messages more effective. They may help neurons release neurotransmitters more frequently or slow down the Reuptake (called Reuptake inhibitors). Doctors start people with ADHD on a low dose of medication and then observe their responses. They alter the dosage as they go along to find a “sweet spot” -the lowest dosage that offers noticeable improvement in symptoms, with few side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the most common type of medication doctors often try to help kids with ADHD. It increases the amount of norepinephrine as well as dopamine in children's brains, which help them pay attention and concentrate. It also reduces the impulsivity and hyperactivity of children. It's important to remember that the methylphenidate drug is a controlled substance and should only be used under the supervision of a doctor. The most well-known methylphenidate drug is Ritalin. It comes in immediate-release tablets, chewable tablets, and capsules. Some versions of the medication contain aspartame (an artificial sweetener) which can be harmful for those suffering from phenylketonuria, an inherited condition which causes severe intellectual impairment. Inform your doctor if you or your child suffer from food allergies. Researchers have discovered that methylphenidate may reduce abnormal activity, specifically in the accumbens' nucleus and also a network of brain networks that are involved in regulating adaptive control. This could explain why methylphenidate is among the most effective medications to treat ADHD. Side effects of stimulants include sleepiness, nausea, headaches anxiety, agitation, an agitation and tics. These aren't common, but they can be serious. If you experience any of them, you should call your doctor right away. You should also inform your doctor if you or your child has allergies, the presence of heart disease or bipolar disorder, depression or any other mental health issues such as glaucoma, a history of seizures or strokes or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like isocarboxazid (Marplan), linezolid (Zyvox) or the methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is essential to take your methylphenidate in accordance with the prescription of your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines can speed up the transmission of messages between brain cells. They can aid in focusing your mind and avoid distractions. They are the most frequently prescribed medications for treating ADHD in both children and adults. They increase the level of neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines can be found in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting form. They can be taken orally or by injection. Some people are troubled by the side effects of stimulant medication like restlessness or difficulties sleeping, or an increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure. Your doctor will monitor your symptoms and adjust your dosage to determine the most effective one for you. Some patients may require multiple medications to achieve the desired outcome. The effects of stimulants are primarily on two neurotransmitters located in the prefrontal cortex. This is the region of the brain which regulates emotions and manages your behavior. These drugs are used to treat a range of mental health problems such as depression, ADD/ADHD anxiety, bipolar disorder and depression. The most common types of stimulant drugs are methylphenidates and amphetamines. The FDA has approved a variety of brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in a variety of forms ranging from stimulants that are short-acting to long-acting stimulants – and can be taken orally, or in a injection. Truck drivers, students and teens who require more energy to compete in endurance sports can abuse amphetamines. Amphetamines may cause psychological and physical problems when they are misused, especially at higher doses. ADHD can be treated using non-stimulant drugs. These include atomoxetine and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are built on the same chemical that stimulants do, however they are less likely to cause tics in people with Tourette syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medicines are used to treat children and teenagers with ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They are available in pills that can be chewed or swallowed or chewed, capsules that can be opened and sprinkled onto food items, and liquid patches. They are typically only available on prescription by a physician. These medications include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants work fast and last for 3 to 6 hours. These medications alleviate symptoms for 70 percent to 80% children and adults with ADHD. They decrease the amount of fidgeting, interrupting and make it easier for you to complete your tasks. They also help improve academic performance and relationships. They can't address the root issues that create ADHD. It's crucial to combine them with behavioral therapy. It's also important to understand that ADHD medicines have side effects. They can make you sleepy or cranky, and may interfere with your sleep. These effects are usually minimal, and they disappear as soon as the medication is gone from your system. Your doctor may ask you to start with a small dose and increase it gradually. They will be watching you or your child closely to determine if there are any problems with the medication. It can take some time to find the appropriate medication and dose for your child or yourself. add medication adult is recommended to speak openly with your health care team. They may suggest changes in how often you or your child is taking the medication or even if it's needed at all. They'll also want to know whether your child or you has any other medical or mental health issues. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants help to manage ADHD symptoms by altering the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. This can increase the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine. These two chemicals are essential for the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive functioning part of your brain). Most kids who suffer from ADHD respond well to stimulant medications. Your doctor will assist you in figuring out which type of medication and dose is best for you. You may have to try various types of medications before you find the one that is right for you or your children. It is possible to take stimulants with immediate release in liquid form as well as chewable tablets. These drugs perform quickly and last for three to four hours. Some people have a problem after the medication has worn off, which is called the “crash effect.” It usually results in an abrupt decrease in energy and can result in intense hunger. Long-acting stimulants (like dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine) are also available. These are a little more complex and require a prescription. They are injected into the bloodstream and are then converted from inactive active in red blood cells. It takes time to determine the correct dosage, medication and schedule for your child or yourself. Your doctor will monitor how you react to the medication and look for signs such as sleep disturbances. They will also advise you about non-stimulant medication for children or parents who aren't responding well to stimulants. You shouldn't stop or change your ADHD medication without speaking to your doctor first. Inform your doctor if take any over-the counter medications or supplements, as they can interact with ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medication is effective in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behaviour as well as impulsivity, fidgeting and fidgeting. They also help enhance focus and assist people to complete tasks and maintain relationships. They may not reduce moodiness, or other nagging symptoms. And they may cause adverse effects such as loss of appetite, insomnia nausea, jitteriness changes in heart rhythm, and high blood pressure. These drugs work in phases to treat ADHD symptoms throughout the day. The majority of them begin to show effects within 30 to 45 minutes. They disappear within 3 to 6 hours. They can be used in combination with other types of ADHD treatment like behavioral therapy. Some of these stimulants that act long-lastingly such as the atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine-ER (Intuniv), last through the night and into the next morning. Some doctors suggest using them to fill up an afternoon trough so that patients don't need an additional dose of medication at school or in the afternoon. Long-acting stimulants do not increase dopamine levels to the same degree as intermediate- or short-acting drugs. However, they do so significantly. They don't have the same effects on rebound as shorter-acting stimulants. Long-acting stimulants due to the potential for adverse reactions they are typically prescribed as a secondary treatment for adults with ADHD and older teens. However, they can also be used as a first-line treatment to certain people with ADHD who haven't responded to other medications. While medication can help improve concentration and self-control, it is not the only option for those with ADHD. With the help of good eating habits, regular sleep, and other self-help techniques it's possible to decrease, or even eliminate, the requirement for ADHD medication.